Altitude and Acclimatization

Cusco is located at 3,400 meters (11,150 feet) above sea level, which can cause altitude sickness. Symptoms include headaches, nausea, and fatigue. To acclimatize, spend the first two days resting, drink plenty of water, and avoid alcohol. Coca tea is a traditional remedy to help with altitude adjustment.

Weather and Temperature

Cusco has a mild climate with daytime temperatures ranging from 15°C to 20°C (59°F to 68°F). Nights can be cold, dropping to 0°C (32°F). The dry season (May to October) is ideal for visiting, while the rainy season (November to April) brings frequent showers. Dress in layers to adapt to changing conditions.

Currency and Payments

The local currency is the Peruvian Sol (PEN). Credit cards are accepted in hotels and restaurants, but smaller shops and markets prefer cash. ATMs are widely available, but it’s advisable to carry small bills for street vendors and tips. Always check exchange rates before converting money.

Language and Communication

Spanish is the official language, but many locals also speak Quechua. Learning basic Spanish phrases can enhance your experience. English is spoken in tourist areas, but not universally. Carry a phrasebook or translation app to help with communication, especially in rural areas.

Health and Safety

Cusco is generally safe, but petty theft can occur in crowded areas. Keep your belongings secure and avoid displaying valuables. Drink bottled water to avoid stomach issues. Consult your doctor about altitude medication and consider vaccinations for hepatitis A and typhoid before traveling.

Transportation Options

Taxis are the most common way to get around Cusco. Always negotiate the fare before starting your trip. Public buses are cheaper but can be crowded. For longer trips, such as to the Sacred Valley, consider hiring a private driver or joining a guided tour.

Cultural Etiquette

Respect local customs and traditions. Ask for permission before taking photos of people or religious ceremonies. Dress modestly when visiting churches or sacred sites. Tipping is appreciated but not mandatory; 10% is standard in restaurants, and small tips are customary for guides and drivers.

Food and Drink

Cusco offers a variety of traditional Andean dishes, such as cuy (guinea pig), alpaca, and rocoto relleno. Street food is popular but choose vendors with high turnover to ensure freshness. Avoid tap water and opt for bottled or boiled water. Coca tea is widely available and helps with altitude.

Shopping and Souvenirs

Cusco is known for its artisan markets, where you can buy handmade textiles, pottery, and jewelry. The San Pedro Market and Plaza de Armas are popular shopping spots. Bargaining is common, but be respectful and fair. Support local artisans by purchasing directly from them.

Must-Visit Attractions

Key sites include the historic Plaza de Armas, Sacsayhuamán, and Qorikancha. Machu Picchu is a must-see but requires advance planning. Explore the San Blas neighborhood for its art galleries and cobblestone streets. Guided tours provide historical context and enhance your understanding of these sites.

Festivals and Events

Cusco hosts numerous festivals, such as Inti Raymi (Festival of the Sun) in June and Corpus Christi in May or June. These events showcase traditional music, dance, and food. Check the local calendar and plan your visit to experience these vibrant cultural celebrations.

Packing Essentials

Pack layers to adapt to Cusco’s varying temperatures. Bring sturdy walking shoes for cobblestone streets and hiking. A rain jacket is essential during the rainy season. Don’t forget sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses for sun protection. A reusable water bottle is also recommended.

Internet and Connectivity

Wi-Fi is available in most hotels, cafes, and restaurants, but the connection can be slow. Consider purchasing a local SIM card for better internet access. Movistar and Claro are the main providers. Download offline maps and translation apps to use when Wi-Fi is unavailable.

Environmental Responsibility

Cusco’s natural and cultural heritage is fragile. Avoid littering and stay on designated paths at archaeological sites. Use reusable water bottles and bags to reduce plastic waste. Support eco-friendly tours and businesses that prioritize sustainability.

Time Zone and Time Management

Cusco operates on Peru Time (PET), which is 5 hours behind UTC. Plan your itinerary to account for early sunsets, especially during the dry season. Start your day early to make the most of daylight and avoid crowds at popular attractions.

Local Markets and Street Food

San Pedro Market is a great place to experience local culture and try traditional foods. Street food is affordable and delicious, but choose vendors with high turnover to ensure freshness. Popular options include empanadas, tamales, and choclo con queso (corn with cheese).

Guided Tours vs. Independent Exploration

Guided tours provide historical insights and convenience, especially for first-time visitors. Independent exploration allows for a more personalized experience. Choose based on your preferences and budget. Guided tours typically cost $20to$50 USD per person, depending on the activity.

Emergency Contacts and Information

In case of emergencies, dial 105 for police, 116 for medical assistance, and 117 for fire services. Keep a copy of your passport and travel insurance details. Register with your embassy if staying for an extended period. Most hotels can assist with contacting local authorities if needed.